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Chapter 2: Strategies in Planning for Writing and Speaking
IN THE CLASSROOM
In our multi-cultural society, concerns about inclusiveness influence us at every turn—even in
the classroom. The Information Age, instead of making things simpler, seems to have heightened
our awareness of the many barriers—generational, gender, cultural—to communicating
effectively.
So what does all this obstruction mean for someone teaching Communications? In
practical terms, it means that the subject matter you’re teaching may be far more open-ended and
relative than many other courses offered by your institution. Students may have quite different
perspectives than you around language use, and the business landscape to which we refer has
increasingly varied contours.
Impact stresses problem-solving and the need to develop situational strategies,
suggesting that each communication has its own unique circumstances, but it can be difficult to
convince students that such strategies are really needed, especially if they are younger students
with limited exposure to the world. One way of overcoming this barrier is to point out that the
class environment itself contains a wide range of cultures, language groups, ages, etc. If typical,
your classroom will accurately reflect the nature of our multicultural social environment.
Developing an interactive classroom dynamic is particularly important in Communications
courses, because a classroom very easily becomes the lab for learning good communications. At
times, the same disconnects that can be seen in the larger culture are experienced in class. One
way of jump-starting the process is to get students doing oral reports early on (For instance,
students can be asked to demonstrate various language norms from their differing backgrounds).
Now the students have to create audience-centred messages, and listen with an open mind
making sure they hear not their own message but that of the sender. This kind of exercise can
begin the process of turning the classroom into a Communications lab.
RESPONSES AND SAMPLE ANSWERS TO EXERCISES
1. Car advertisements can be especially revealing in terms of intended reader. Some present
a thrift- and eco-friendly approach (i.e., cars are presented as innovatively designed
transportation that treads lightly with heightened fuel economy, hybridization, smaller
vehicles, etc.), while others continue to play on more traditional emotional responses to
cars as symbols of power, success, luxury, and eros. Similarly, some shampoos
emphasize value-for-money, while others, like L’Oreal, suggest the product will
magically initiate the buyer into a world of luxury, beauty, and sexual desirability.
2. Typically, a bank manager would want to know how the investment could be guaranteed,
what a market analysis or feasibility study would show—the bottom line; while a relative
might emphasize less tangible factors: family relations, reputation, etc. A wealthy friend
might ask why you want to do this, how this would affect your relationship with each
other and your future; whereas, the venture capitalist would require assurance of the
possibility of substantial profit for any investment made.
Writing to a bank manager would require the most formal tone, as you are approaching a
conservative institution that must be reassured of your responsible/practical outlook; a
venture capitalist would need a persuasive approach, emphasizing the benefits to
investors; a relative and friend would require a more personal, conversational tone
emphasizing relationship and benefits that would accrue to the sender.
3. Circumstances affect choices, but channel and medium preferences might be as follows:
a) physical presence: to encourage discussion, develop a relationship, etc.
b) personal static media—memos: because this is policy, for the record, etc.
c) physical presence: because you want to build group rapport
d) impersonal static media: to allow sender to analyze the response to a general
warning without the possibility of insult or direct confrontation
e) interactive media: because time is short
f) physical presence: because you need a signature
g) personal static media—memo: because you might want a record of this
h) personal static media—written report: because this is detailed information
i) physical presence: because this is sensitive
j) depends: because you might want to make an official statement (office memo) but
may also wish to approach the likely culprits personally
k) personal static media (memo) and physical presence: formulate a statement of
office policy on display of such art and circulate; approach calendar owner and
request its removal
l) physical presence: call a meeting to congratulate the department en masse —
might also, if it’s a small department, have one-on-one meetings with top
performers
m) personal static media — you need documented, detailed clarification before
proceeding with the job
4. a) We’ll be in trouble if our biggest client isn’t satisfied with our billing.
b) We need to have this order filled right away—please call and let me know when it
will be ready.
c) You can pick up your overtime pay at my office any time before Friday.
d) Thanks for your August 9 letter. Sorry to hear of difficulties with your camera—
please send it in so we can determine the problem.
e) I don’t think this customer’s complaints are justified, Mr. Miller, but we should
meet to discuss ways to maintain a good client relationship with him.
f) As a follow-up to my memo of the 28th, new instructions for the photocopiers
will be distributed to everyone shortly.
g) Sorry I can’t attend our weekly meeting; let me know when the page proofs will
be ready—as you know, our deadline is fast approaching.
